Goitre as Predisposing Factor of Thyroid Carcinomas

Armerinayanti, Ni Wayan (2016) Goitre as Predisposing Factor of Thyroid Carcinomas. Warmadewa Medical Journal, 1 (2). pp. 42-50. ISSN 2527-4627

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Abstract

Goitre is an enlargement of thyroid gland which can be associated with primary thyroid disorders or stimulation of the gland by hormones and other factors. In Indonesia and especially in Bali, increase of Thyroid Carcinoma cases had been associated with either endemic or non endemic goiter. Goitre increases 2.5 fold risk of thyroid carcinoma. Goitre may cause diffuse and nodular hyperplasia (either single or multiple nodules). Clonal analysis has been discovered that hyperplasia is considered to be polyclonal proliferation. Monoclonal alterations had also been found in a subset of thyroid nodules that were previously considered hyperplastic. Alterations of polyclonal to monoclonal pattern was considered as interaction between past history of hyperplastic lesion and genetic predisposition which furthermore forming mutagenic environment such as increases of cell proliferation and also free radicals induce- somatic mutation. Iodine supplementation on endemic goiter related with radioactive iodine content which damaging DNA sequences in the form of RETTRK rearrangement.

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